Bone density test score determines whether you have osteopenia or osteoporosis

Bone Density Test Score Determines Whether You Have Osteopenia or Osteoporosis

When it comes to bone health, a bone density test score can determine whether you have osteopenia or osteoporosis. These conditions are related diseases that indicate varying degrees of bone loss, as measured by bone mineral density. Osteopenia falls somewhere between normal bone density and osteoporosis, affecting about half of Americans over the age of 50.

The main way to determine your bone density is through a painless, noninvasive test called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This test measures the mineral content of your bones and provides T-scores that categorize your bone health as normal, osteopenia, or osteoporosis.

Fracture risk increases as bone mineral density declines. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that a 50-year-old woman with a T-score of -1 has a 16% chance of fracturing a hip, which increases to 33% with a T-score of -2.5.

Regardless of the exact score, if your bone density falls into the osteopenia category, your doctor will likely schedule you for regular bone mineral density tests every two to five years to monitor your bone health.

Osteopenia Prevention and Treatment

Preventing osteopenia involves making healthy lifestyle choices, such as getting enough calcium and vitamin D, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and engaging in weight-bearing exercises. Women are more likely to have low bone density, but men can also be affected.

When it comes to treatment, osteopenia can be managed through exercise, nutrition, and in some cases, medication. However, some doctors are cautious about overmedicating individuals with osteopenia, as the fracture risk is relatively low. It’s essential to focus on regular exercise, adequate vitamin D and calcium intake, and possibly medication if your T-score indicates a higher risk.

Should You Get a Bone Mineral Density Test?

Experts disagree on who should undergo bone mineral density testing, as the benefits may not always justify the cost. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends testing for women 65 and older, postmenopausal women with certain risk factors, and those who have had a fracture. For men, testing is typically done on a case-by-case basis.

Ultimately, maintaining strong bones through healthy lifestyle choices and regular monitoring of bone density can help prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your bone health.